Fort Marinus

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

Never before seen NIRCAM composite filter images, assembled from public data.

Added 2022 09 28

Physical Properties of the Triply-Lensed z = 11 Galaxy
MACS0647+7015

Added 2022 09 11

Radiative Feedback from Massive Stars as Traced by Multiband Imaging and Spectroscopic Mosaics
Orion Bar Region

Added 2022 09 01

JWST Medium-Deep Fields — Windhorst/Hammel GTO North Ecliptic Pole Fields
JWST North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Time-Domain Field (TDF)
JWST Medium-Deep Fields — Windhorst/Hammel GTO North Ecliptic Pole Fields
JWST North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Time-Domain Field (TDF) 

Added 2022 08 15

A JWST-HST-VLT/MUSE-ALMA Treasury of Star Formation in Nearby Galaxies
NGC 1365

Added 2022 08 13

NGC 6543 / Cat’s Eye Nebula / Caldwell 6

Targeting Extremely Magnified Panchromatic Lensed Arcs and Their Extended Star formation
SPT-S J041839-4751.8

Added 2022 08 08

The Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) Survey
CANDLES EGS J141955.2+525529.4

Added 2022 08 03

A Strongly Magnified Individual Star and Parsec-Scale Clusters Observed in the First Billion Years at z = 6
1RXS J013724.7-082744

Added 2022 07 31

A JWST Study of the Starburst-AGN Connection in Merging LIRGs
NGC 7469

Added 2022 07 31

A JWST Study of the Starburst-AGN Connection in Merging LIRGs
VV 114

Antique Latin Textbooks

Some time ago, I developed an interest in antique Latin language textbooks of the late 19th
and early 20th centuries. Attached is a list of books with historical notes, images, and
archival links, when available.

Allyn and Bacon Latin Program (later, Jenney’s Latin)

  • First Year Latin
  • Latin Lessons by Minnie Louis Smith (1913); Allyn & Bacon
  • Predates the 5 volume Allyn and Bacon set.
  • Elementary Latin by Minnie Louis Smith (1920); Allyn & Bacon
  • A revision of Latin Lessons (1913) by Minnie Louise Smith.
  • Predates the 5 volume Allyn and Bacon set.
  • Smith’s First Year Latin revised by Harold G. Thompson (1933, 1936); Allyn & Bacon
  • A revision of Elementary Latin (1920) by Minnie Louis Smith.
  • Teacher’s Manual (1934)
  • Smith and Thompson’s First Year Latin revised by Charles Jenney Jr. (1953, 1958); Allyn & Bacon
  • Smith and Thompson’s First Year Latin revised by Charles Jenney Jr. (1962, 1966); Allyn & Bacon
  • First Year Latin by Charles Jenney Jr., Roger V. Scudder, Eric C. Baade (1979 978-0205061778); Allyn & Bacon
  • Jenney’s First Year Latin by Charles Jenney Jr.; Eric C. Baade; Thomas K. Burgess (1983 978-0205078592, 1987 978-0205087235, 1989 978-9990814194); Pearson Prentice Hall
  • 1983: Workbook 978-0205078615, Teacher’s Manual 978-0205078608, Answer Key 978-0205061815
  • Jenney’s First Year Latin by Charles Jenney Jr.; Eric C. Baade; Thomas K. Burgess (1990 978-0133193282); Pearson Prentice Hall
  • 1990: Workbook 978-0133193695, Teacher’s Manual 978-0133193367
  • Second Year Latin
  • Second Year Latin by Jared Waterbury Scudder (1927, 1934); Allyn & Bacon
  • A Revision of Book Two, Second Latin (1927) by Jared W. Scudder
  • Scudder’s Second Year Latin revised by Charles Jenney Jr. (1954, 1961); Allyn & Bacon
  • Scudder’s Second Year Latin revised by Charles Jenney Jr. (1962, 1966); Allyn & Bacon
  • Second Year Latin by Charles Jenney, Rogers V. Scudder, Eric C. Baade, Rita R. Riley (1979); Allyn & Bacon
  • Jenney’s Second Year Latin by Charles Jenney Jr.; Eric C. Baade; Thomas K. Burgess (1983, 1987 9780205087266, 1989); Pearson Prentice Hall
  • Jenney’s Second Year Latin by Charles Jenney Jr.; Eric C. Baade; Thomas K. Burgess (1990 9780205087266, 1998 9780133298895); Pearson Prentice Hall
  • Third Year Latin
  • Third Year Latin by Bruno Meinecke, Ph.D (1933); Allyn & Bacon
  • New Revision of Kelsey’s Cicero; With Added Selections from Cicero, Sallust, Livy and Pliny; Arranged and Edited with Explanatory Notes, A Companion, Essentials of Grammar and Syntax, and Vocabulary. This book is a revision of Select Orations and Letters of Cicero (1892) by Francis Willey Kelsey who intended to revise the book himself, but did not get around to it before he died.
  • Third Year Latin revised by Charles Jenney Jr. (1950s); Allyn & Bacon
  • Third Year Latin revised by Charles Jenney Jr. (1960s); Allyn & Bacon
  • Third Year Latin by Charles Jenney, Rogers V. Scudder, Eric C. Baade, Rita R. Riley (1979); Allyn & Bacon
  • Jenney’s Third Year Latin by Charles Jenney Jr.; Eric C. Baade; Thomas K. Burgess (1983, 1987, 1989); Pearson Prentice Hall
  • Jenney’s Third Year Latin by Charles Jenney Jr.; Eric C. Baade; Thomas K. Burgess (1990, 1998); Pearson Prentice Hall
  • Fourth Year Latin
  • Fourth Year Latin editors Lois Carlisle and Davida Richardson (1933); Allyn & Bacon
  • with Selections from Virgil, Ovid, Catullus, Martial, and Horace
  • Fourth Year Latin revised by Charles Jenney Jr. (1950s); Allyn & Bacon
  • Fourth Year Latin revised by Charles Jenney Jr. (1960s); Allyn & Bacon
  • Fourth Year Latin by Charles Jenney, Rogers V. Scudder, Eric C. Baade, Rita R. Riley (1979); Allyn & Bacon
  • Jenney’s Fourth Year Latin by Charles Jenney Jr.; Eric C. Baade; Thomas K. Burgess (1983, 1987, 1989); Pearson Prentice Hall
  • Jenney’s Fourth Year Latin by Charles Jenney Jr.; Eric C. Baade; Thomas K. Burgess (1990, 1998); Pearson Prentice Hall
  • Classical Myths
  • Myths and their Meaning by Max Herzberg (1928, 1931, 1949, 1964); Allyn & Bacon
  • English Language book covering myths of Greece and Rome, and Northern and Celtic myths.
  • Academy Classics for Junior High Schools Series.
  • Classical Myths by Max J. Herzberg (1935); Allyn & Bacon
  • Revision of Myths and their Meaning by Max Herzberg (1931)
  • Not included in later Jenney’s revisions

The Francois-Scudder Latin Course

  • Book One, First Latin with Collateral Reading by Victor E. François (1926); Allyn & Bacon
  • Book Two, Second Latin by Jared W. Scudder (1927); Allyn & Bacon

Ginn and Company

  • First-Year Course by Mason D. Gray and Thornton Jenkins (1927, 1928, 1933 (RE)); Ginn and Company
  • Second-Year Course by Mason D. Gray and Thornton Jenkins (1928); Ginn and Company
  • Third Year Latin by Karl P. Harrington and Walter V. McDuffee (1928, 1929, 1931, 1933); Ginn and Company
  • Virgil and Other Latin Poets editor J. B. Greenough, by G. L. Kittredge, Thornton Jenkins (1895, 1923, 1930); Ginn and Company

The Climax Series

  • Latin First Year by Ralph Van Deman Magoffin and Margaret Young Henry (1928R, 1932); Silver, Burdett & Company
  • Latin Second Year by Lillian Gay Berry and Josephine L. Lee (1930, 1932, 1938, 1942); Silver, Burdett & Company
  • Latin Third Year by Louis Eleazer Lord and Loura Bayne Woodruff (1920, 1939); Silver, Burdett & Company
  • Latin Fourth Year by Harry Edwin Burton and Richard Mott Gummere (1920, 1931); Silver, Burdett & Company

Gunnison and Harley Series

  • The First Year of Latin by Water B. Gunnison, Ph.D. and Walter S. Harley, A.M. (1902); Silver, Burdett & Company
  • Latin for the First Year by Water B. Gunnison, Ph.D. and Walter S. Harley, A.M. (1915, 1917); Silver, Burdett & Company
  • Cicero’s Orations by Water B. Gunnison, Ph.D. and Walter S. Harley, A.M. (1912); Silver, Burdett & Company
  • Caesar’s Gallic War by Water B. Gunnison, Ph.D. and Walter S. Harley, A.M. (1907, 1911); Silver, Burdett & Company

Gradatim and other books by H.R. Heatley

  • Gradatim
  • Gradatim, An Easy Latin Translation Book for Beginners (Second Edition) by H.R. Heatley, M.A. and H. N. Kingdon, M.A. (1882); Rivingtons London
  • Gradatim, An Easy Latin Translation Book for Beginners (New Edition) by H.R. Heatley, M.A. and H. N. Kingdon, M.A. (1892); Longmans, Green, and Co.
  • Gradatim, An Easy Latin Translation Book for Beginners revised by J. W. Scudder M.A. (1889, 1893, 1895, 1896); Allyn & Bacon
  • Gradatim, An Easy Latin Translation Book for Beginners revised for American Schools by W. C. Collar (1889, 1890, 1894); Ginn and Company
  • Excercises on Gradatim by H.R. Heatley M.A., and the Rev. A. Sloman, M.A. (1898); Longmans, Green, and Co.
  • The New Gradatim prepared by WM. C. Collar (1889, 1895, 1897, 1899, 1900, 1903); Ginn & Company
  • Excerpta Facilia, A Second Latin Translation Book by H. R. Heatley, M.A.and H. N. Kingdon, B.A. (1882); Rivingtons London

The Lake Classical Series

  • The Private Life of the Romans by Harold Whetstone Johnson (1903, 1905, 1909, 1932); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Ad Alpes, A Tale of Roman Life by H. C. Nutting (1923, 1927, 2017 9781981365739); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Edited and Republished by Daniel Pettersson, Latinitium in 2017
  • A First Latin Book for Junior High Schools by Harry Fletcher Scott, A.M. (1918); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • A Junior Latin Reader by Frederick Warren Sanford, Harry Fletcher Scott (1919, 1922); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Dedicated to Harold W. Johnson
  • Bellum Helveticum : A Beginner’s Book In Latin by Arthur L. Janes (1913); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Second Latin Book by Frank J Miller Ph.D. and Charles H. Beeson M.A. (1902, 1904); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Originally part of the Intercollegiate Classical Series, later the Lake Classical Series
  • A New Second Latin Book by Charles H. Beeson and Harry Fletcher Scott (1916); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • A revision of the Miller and Beeson Second Latin Book
  • A Third Latin Book by Frederick Warren Sanford , Harry Fletcher Scott, Charles Henry Beeson (1923, 1931 RE); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • A Primer of Medieval Latin by Charles H. Beeson (1925); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • The Anabasis of Xenophon by Augustus Taber Murray Ph. D. (1914); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Greek language

Scott’s Latin Series

  • Book 1
  • Elementary Latin: An Introductory Course by Harry Fletcher Scott, A.M. (1915); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Also part of ‘The Lake Classical Series’
  • First Latin Lessons by Harry Fletcher Scott, A.M. and Annabel Horn (1922); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Also part of ‘The Lake Classical Series’
  • First Latin Lessons, Revised by Harry Fletcher Scott, A.M. and Annabel Horn (1928); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Latin Book One by Harry Fletcher Scott, and Annabel Horn (1936); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Language, Literature, and Life
  • Using Latin I by Harry Fletcher Scott, Annabel Horn, and John Flagg Gummere (1948); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Using Latin 1 by Annabel Horn, and John Flagg Gummere, Margaret M. Forbes (1963); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Substantial rewrite of Using Latin I
  • Book 2
  • A Junior Latin Reader by Frederick Warren Sanford and Harry Fletcher Scott (1919, 1922); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Also part of ‘The Lake Classical Series’
  • A Second Year Latin Reader by Frederick Warren Sanford and Harry Fletcher Scott (1929); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Also part of ‘The Lake Classical Series’
  • Latin Book Two by Harry Fletcher Scott, and Annabel Horn (1937); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Language, Literature, and Life
  • Using Latin II by John Flagg Gummere and Annabel Horn (1950, 1955); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Using Latin 2 by Annabel Horn, and John Flagg Gummere, Margaret M. Forbes (1963); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Substantial rewrite of Using Latin II. There was never a ‘Using Latin 3’ in this format.
  • Book 3
  • Latin Book Three by Harry Fletcher Scott, and Annabel Horn (1939); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Language, Literature, and Life
  • Using Latin III by Annabel Horn and John Flagg Gummere (1954); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • College Latin by Norman Johnston De Witt, John Flagg Gummere and Annabel Horn (1954); Scott, Foresman, and Company

A Beginner’s Latin Course

  • Latin I: Principia by C. W. E. Peckett, M.A. and A. R. Munday, M.A. (1949, 1970); Scott, Foresman, and Company
  • Latin II: Pseudolus Noster by C. W. E. Peckett, M.A. and A. R. Munday, M.A. (1950, 1964 (5E), 1970); Scott, Foresman, and Company

Ullman and Henry

  • Elementary Latin with Correlated Studies in English by B. L. Ullman, Ph.D and Norman E. Henry, M.A. (1923, 1925, 1928, 1930, 1936, 1939 (new cover)); The Macmillan Company
  • New Elementary Latin by B. L. Ullman, Ph.D and Norman E. Henry, M.A. (1930, 1935, 1936 (RE), 1941 (RE, new cover)); The Macmillan Company
  • Second Latin Book by B. L. Ullman, Ph.D and Norman E. Henry, M.A. (1925 (third printing), 1927, 1929 (RE), 1943); The Macmillan Company
  • New Second Latin Book by B. L. Ullman, Ph.D and Norman E. Henry, M.A. (1945); The Macmillan Company
  • Third Latin Book by B. L. Ullman, Ph.D and Norman E. Henry, M.A. (1930, 1959); The Macmillan Company
  • Rome and the Romans by Grant Showerman (1931); The Macmillan Company
  • English language book covering Roman history and culture
  • First published Sep 1931, Dec 1931 “School Edition” has cover matching other Ullman and Henry books, but slightly larger dimensions as the text was not reset to match the Ullman books.

Latin for Americans

  • First Book by B. L. Ullman, Charles Henderson Jr., and Norman E. Henry (1941, 1950 (RE), 1956 (2RE), 1959 (3RE), 1962 (4RE), 1968 (5E), 1981 (6E), 1990 (7E), 2007); The Macmillan Company, later Glencoe McGraw-Hill
  • Based in part on Elementary Latin Macmillan Company 1923, 1929, and 1936.
  • Second Book by B. L. Ullman, Charles Henderson Jr., and Norman E. Henry (1942, 1950 (RE), 1956 (2RE), 1959 (3RE), 1962 (4RE), 1968 (5E)); The Macmillan Company, later Glencoe McGraw-Hill
  • Third Book by B. L. Ullman and Albert I. Suskin (1965, 1997, 2003); The Macmillan Company, later Glencoe McGraw-Hill

The Living Language

  • A Latin Book for Beginners by Wilbert Lester Carr, George Depue Hadzsits (1932); D. C. Heath and Company
  • A Second Latin Book by Wilbert Lester Carr, George Depue Hadzsits, Harry E. Wedeck (1934); D. C. Heath and Company

Henry Carr Pearson

  • Latin I by Henry Carr Pearson, Lillie Maria Lawrence, and Nina Frances Raynor (1929); American Book Company
  • Latin II by Henry Carr Pearson and Lillie Maria Lawrence (1930); American Book Company
  • Essentials of Latin for Beginners by Henry Carr Pearson (1915); American Book Company
  • Latin Prose Composition based on Caesar by Henry Carr Pearson, A.B. (1908); American Book Company

Other Books by H.C. Nutting

  • Teacher’s Course in Latin Composition by H. C. Nutting (1922); Allyn and Bacon
  • A Supplementary Course in Latin Composition by H. C. Nutting (1901, 1905 RE, 1906 RE); Allyn and Bacon
  • A Latin Primer by H. C. Nutting (1911); American Book Company
  • A First Latin Reader by H. C. Nutting (1912); American Book Company
  • 100 short stories on American History, 25 stories from Caesar retold, 6 selected passaged from prose authors.

Our Latin Heritage

  • Our Latin Heritage: Book I by Lillian M. Hines, Rev. Edward J. Welch S.J., Doris M. Bacon (1966, 1966 (Harbrace Edition), 1981 (3E)); Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
  • 60 Latin readings, 12 sight translations, 60 conversations. Vocabulary based on New York State Syllabus. 1966 Harbrace Edition: 9780153894756.
  • Our Latin Heritage: Book II by Sister Thérèsa Hines S. N. D. and Rev. Edward J. Welch S.J. (1963, 1966, 1981 (3E)); Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
  • Parts I and II like Book I, Part III selections from Caesar, Part IV Latin literature survey from 3rd C. BC to present, Part V selections from the Vulgate. Vocabulary based on New York State Syllabus. 1966: viii, 535pp. incl. index, 1981: 9780153894688. Tests: 9780153894701
  • Our Latin Heritage: Book III by Lillian M. Hines and Ruth B. Howard (1966, 1967 (Harbrace Edition)); Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
  • Part I review and Sallust, Part II English essay on Cicero, Part III selections from Cicero, Part IV survey of Latin literature ancient to modern including a translation of the Gettysburg Address and Kennedy’s Inauguration Speech. Vocabulary based on New York State Syllabus.
  • Our Latin Heritage: Book IV by Sister Thérèsa Hines S. N. D. and Ruth B. Howard (1969, 1969 (Harbrace Edition)); Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
  • Part I English essay on Vergil, Part II Selections from Vergil, Part III Selections from poets Catullus, Ovid, Horace, Martial, Part IV Survey of Latin Poetry. 1969:9780153895357

Merrill Latin Series

  • Latin: Our Living Heritage Book I by David Bresolve M.A., Arthur G. Hooper M.A. LL.D., and Mary A. Barrett M.A. (1962, 1968 9780675062480, 1968 (Key), 1982 9780675019965); Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co.
  • Latin: Our Living Heritage Book II by David Bresolve M.A., Arthur G. Hooper M.A. LL.D., and Mary A. Barrett M.A. (1962, 1969 9780675062596, 1969 (Key), 1982 9780675019996); Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co.
  • Latin: Our Living Heritage Book III by Allan G. Gillingham, Ph.D., Mary A. Barrett, M.A. (1962, 1969 9780675062695, 1969 (Key)); Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co.
  • An Ovid Reader by Allan G. Gillingham and Eric C. Baade (1969 0675062128); Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co.

Heritages from the Romans

  • Living with the Romans: Book 1 by Irene J. Crabb (1949, 1951, 1955, 1964); Lyons and Carnahan
  • Rome a World Power: Book 2 by Irene J. Crabb and C. Russell Small (1951, 1954, 1964); Lyons and Carnahan

Latin and the Romans

  • Book One by Thornton Jenkins and Anthony Pelzer Wagener (1941); Ginn and Company
  • Book Two by Thornton Jenkins and Anthony Pelzer Wagener (1942); Ginn and Company

Ecce Romani: A Latin Reading Program

  • Ecce Romani I edited by Gilbert Lawall (1971 (UK:1E), 1982 (UK:2E), 1988 (NA:1E), 1995 (NA:2E), 1998 (NA:3E), 2005, 2009 (NA:4E)); The Scottish Classics Group; Oliver and Boyd; Longman Publishing Group; Pearson Prentice Hall; Savvas Learning Co
  • Beginning with the 1995 North American edition, the series was published as a set of 3 hardcover books, before that it was a series of 6 (UK) or 5 (NA) paperback book/pamphlets.
  • Ecce Romani II edited by Gilbert Lawall (1971, 1982, 1988, 1995 (2E), 1998 (3E), 2005 (4E)); The Scottish Classics Group; Oliver and Boyd; Longman Publishing Group; Pearson Prentice Hall; Savvas Learning Co
  • Ecce Romani III edited by Gilbert Lawall (1971, 1982, 1995 (2E), 1998, 2005); The Scottish Classics Group; Oliver and Boyd; Longman Publishing Group; Pearson Prentice Hall; Savvas Learning Co
  • The Romans Speak for Themselves I edited by Gilbert Lawall (1989 0801302676); Longman Publishing Group
  • Short selections of real Latin prose to accompany specific chapters in Ecce Romani I
  • The Romans Speak for Themselves II edited by Gilbert Lawall (1989 0801302684); Longman Publishing Group
  • Short selections of real Latin prose to accompany specific chapters in Ecce Romani II
  • Ecce Scriptores Romani by The Scottish Classics Group (1993 9780050050422); Oliver and Boyd

Hans Ørberg’s Lingua Latina per se Illustrata

  • Pars I: Familia Romana by Hans H. Ørberg (2011 (2E) 978-1-58510-423-9); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 328pp. Originally published in 1955/1956 as ‘Lingua Latina secundum naturae rationem explicata’
  • Pars II: Roma Aeterna by Hans H. Ørberg (2017 (2E) 978-1-58510-864-0); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 432pp. 3000 vocabulary words. Originally published in 1955/1956 as ‘Lingua Latina secundum naturae rationem explicata’
  • A Companion to Familia Romana by Jeanne Marie Neumann (2016 (2E) 978-1-58510-809-1); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 432pp. This volume is the completely reset Second Edition of Jeanne Marie Neumann’s A College Companion (Focus, 2008). Serves as a substitute for Ørberg’s Latine Disco, on which it is based
  • A Companion to Roma Aeterna by Jeanne Marie Neumann (2017 978-1-58510-841-1); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 504pp. Serves as a substitute for Ørberg’s Instructions, Vocabulary and Grammar, on which it is based.
  • Pars I: Glossarium by Patrick M. Owens (2013 978-1-58510-693-6); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 52pp. 2435 Latin-English vocab words from Familia Romana, Colloquia Personarum, Fabellae Latinae, and Fabulae Syrae.
  • Pars I: Grammatica Latina by Hans H. Ørberg (2006 978-1-58510-223-5); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 32pp. Latin morphology to be used with Familia Romana. This text is also contained in ‘A Companion to Familia Romana’.
  • Pars I: Latine Disco: Student’s Manual by Hans H. Ørberg (2001 978-1-58510-050-7); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 50pp. Pars 1: Latin Disco is also included in A Companion to Familia Romana (Second Edition).
  • Pars I: Exercitia Latina I by Hans H. Ørberg (2005 978-1-58510-212-9); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 136pp. Supplemental grammatical exercises for each of the 133 lectiones (lessons) in Familia Romana.
  • Pars II: Exercitia Latina II by Hans H. Ørberg (2007 978-1-58510-067-5); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 140pp. A workbook for Roma Aeterna with an extensive collection of exercises.
  • Pars II: Instructions by Hans H. Ørberg (2000 978-1-58510-055-2); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 36pp. Instructions is student guide in English for Lingua Latina: Part II: Roma Aeterna and provides an overview of the chapter readings and grammar found in each chapter.
  • Petronius: Cena Trimalchionis by Hans H. Ørberg (2014 978-1-58510-709-4); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 64pp. Abridged and annotated edition of Petronius’ Satryrion, with introduction and marginal notes in Latin
  • Plautus: Amphitryo Comoedia by Hans H. Ørberg (2013 978-1-58510-194-8); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 84pp. Abridged edition with an introduction and marginal notes in Latin.
  • Sallustius & Cicero: Catilina by Hans H. Ørberg (2006 78-1-58510-367-6); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 80pp. Includes selections from Sallust’s Catilina and Cicero’s Catilinarian Speeches I and III for students who have finished Part I, Familia Romana
  • Sermones Romani by Hans H. Ørberg (2012 978-1-58510-195-5); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 80pp. Short readings by Cicero, Tacitus, Martial and others; can be read immediately following Familia Romana
  • Vergil: Aeneis Libros I et IV by Hans H. Ørberg (2013 978-1-58510-633-2); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 80pp. Lightly altered Latin texts; can be read after Roma Aeterna
  • Colloquia Personarum by Hans H. Ørberg (2019 (2E) 978-1-58510-938-8); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 96pp. Graded Latin-language texts that follow the progression of Familia Romana. Includes text of Ørberg’s Colloquia Personarum: Latin–English Vocabulary.
  • Caesar: De Bello Gallico, From Books I, IV & V by Hans H. Ørberg (2010 978-1-58510-232-7); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 96pp. Abridged annotated versions.
  • Ovidii Nasonis: Ars Amatoria by Hans H. Ørberg (2013 978-1-58510-634-9); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 80pp. Lightly altered Latin texts. Suitable after first five chapters of Roma Aeterna.
  • Epitome Historiae Sacrae by Charles-François Lhomond and Roberto Carfagni (2011 978-1-58510-425-3); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 204pp. Based on Charles-François Lhomond (1727-1794). 209 Old Testament readings, 37 New Testament readings. 16,000 words total. 1,300 new latin vocab words.
  • Fabulae Syrae by Luigi Miraglia (2014 978-1-58510-428-4); Focus Imprint of Hackett Publishing
  • 144pp. Readings linked to each chapter of Familia Romana from XXVI to XXXIV. 18,500 Latin words. 500 new Latin vocabulary words. 50 tales from ancient mythology.

Cambridge Latin Course

  • Unit 1 by Cambridge School Classics Project (1988 (3E) 9780521343794, 2001 (4E) 9780521782289, 2015 (5E) 9781107484375); Cambridge University Press
  • Unit 2 by Cambridge School Classics Project (1988 (3E) 9780521343817, 2001 (4E) 9780521782296, 2015 (5E) 9781107070967); Cambridge University Press
  • Unit 3 by Cambridge School Classics Project (1990 (3E) 9780521343824, 2002 (4E) 9780521782302, 2016 (5E) 9781107098244); Cambridge University Press
  • Unit 4 by Cambridge School Classics Project (1991 (3E) 9780521343800, 2003 (4E) 9780521782319, 2016 (5E) 9781107070981); Cambridge University Press

Elementary Classics

  • Julia: A Latin Reading Book by Maud Reed (1925, 1962); The Macmillan Company
  • Camilla: A Latin Reader for the Second Year by Maud Reed, M.A. (1926); The Macmillan Company
  • Juliana: A Latin Exercise Book by Maud Reed, M.A. (1962); The Macmillan Company

Christopher Sower Company

  • Junior Latin Book One by John Evans Forsythe, A. B. and Richard Mott Gummere, Ph. D. (1917); Christopher Sower Company
  • Book Two, Major Latin by John Evans Forsythe, A. B. and Richard Mott Gummere, Ph. D. (1920); Christopher Sower Company

Lingua Latīna

  • Liber Prīmus by Mary Ann T. Burns, Carl J. Medicus, and Richard Sherburne S.J. (1964); Bruce Publishing Company
  • Liber Alter by Mary Ann T. Burns, Carl J. Medicus, and Richard Sherburne S.J. (1965); Bruce Publishing Company

Triennium, a Three Year Latin Course

  • Book I by Robert Douglas Wormald (); Edward Arnold & Company
  • Book II by Robert Douglas Wormald (1926); Edward Arnold & Company
  • Book III by Robert Douglas Wormald (); Edward Arnold & Company

Other Textbooks, Grammars, and Readers

  • Roman Tales Retold by Walter Alison Edwards (1924); Scott, Foresman and Company
  • 77pp. 10 stories and a play.
  • First Latin Reader by Jared Waterbury Scudder (1895, 1896, 1897); Allyn and Bacon
  • Via Latina by William C. Collar (1897); Ginn and Company
  • A Latin Grammar by Harry Edwin Burton (1911); Silver, Burdett & Company

A Rotation by One Turn is 1

In Michael Hartl’si Tau Manifestoiiiii, he addresses a criticism of the Tau formulation which points out that the \tau-form of Euler’s equation only relates 4 fundamental constants (e, i, circle constant, and 1), while the \pi-form relates 5 (despite needing to be re-arranged to do so). In response, he jokingly tacks on a trivial ‘+0’ to the \tau-form to put it on par with the \pi-form.

Re-arranged Pi form

e^{i\pi}+1 = 0

Trivially Modified Tau form

e^{i\tau} = 1 + 0

Full Pi form

e^{i\pi} = (-1 + 0i)

Full Tau form

e^{i\tau} = (1 + 0i)

 

However, all joking aside, e^{i\tau} is a complex number which evaluates to the complex number (1 + 0i). Thus, it is not trivial to represent the zero, in fact, it is thoroughly correct to do so. Conversely, the cleverly re-arranged \pi-form is even uglier than previously thought, as it breaks up its own complex number evaluation (-1 + 0i) and places half of it on either side of the equation.

Both forms properly include a zero, but the modified \pi-form breaks the symmetry of the solution, while the \tau-form maintains its symmetry without modification.

Now, as a disclaimer on the \pi-\tau debate, I believe that the debate is not about choosing a constant or a symbol that makes equations look prettier; this is utterly secondary and wholly counterproductive. The debate is about the proper definition of the fundamental circle constant. Which, is \tau, obviouslyiv.

References:
  1. https://www.michaelhartl.com/ []
  2. https://hexnet.org/files/documents/tau-manifesto.pdf []
  3. https://tauday.com/tau-manifesto []
  4. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8228288/ []

The Sundering of Christendom


“I appeal to you, brothers, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you agree, and that there be no divisions among you […]” – 1 Corinthians 1:10.i

 

Today, there are about 2.2 billion Christians worldwide ii and over 350 Christian movements or denominationsiii. Much ink and blood has been spilled regarding these divisions.

Those who are slightly familiar with the history of Christianity may recall at least three major historical events:

  • 1st century: The Founding of the Church
  • 11th century: The Great Schism, separating Orthodox and Roman Catholics
  • 16th century: The Protestant Reformation, separating Protestants from Catholics

A cursory glance at history suggests that the Christian church was basically a homogeneous body until the Great Schism. To some extent, this is true after the 4th century, when Emperor Constantine legalized Christianity in the Roman Empireiv and Emperor Theodosius made it the official State Religionv.

However, upon further inspection, one will find that the situation is not so clear. The chart below illustrates historical origin of the various Christian groups or branches who claim to be descended from the State Religion of the Late Roman Empire. Technically, these churches claim to be (or be a part of) the ‘one, holy, catholic and apostolic Churchvi.

The scope of this illustration is restricted to the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, The Oriental Orthodox Church, the Church of the East, and certain other relevant historical communities. The chart notably excludes the Protestant groups, including the Church of England. It is also lacking a thorough examination of pre-Constantinian Christian communities. Liturgical families or rites are also highlighted.

The chart takes the form of a timeline, beginning from the first century to the present day (left to right).

References:
  1. Bible Gateway: 1 Corinthians 1:10 []
  2. Pew Research: Global Christianity Report []
  3. Rough count of the member list of the World Council of Churches []
  4. Wikipedia: The Edict of Milan, AD313 []
  5. Wikipedia: The Edict of Thessalonica, AD380 []
  6. Wikipedia: Four Marks of the Church []

How to handle Percent Change and CAGR for negative numbers

Sometimes finance deals with negative quantities that become less negative over time. For example, consider a profit/(loss) of ($50M) in year 1 that becomes a profit/(loss) of only ($1M) in year 4. If we apply the traditional formulas for Percent Change and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), we find that the results do not align with common-sense interpretation. Beginning with % Change, the usual formula is:

\%\triangle=\frac{F-I}{I}=\frac{F}{I}-1, plugging in our example values: \%\triangle=\frac{-1--50}{-50} = -98\%

Common-sense says our profit is increasing, therefore we expect +98%. Using an absolute value in the denominator adjusts the formula in such a way that is consistent with the common-sense interpretation.

\%\triangle_{ADJ} = \frac{F-I}{abs(I)}, plugging in our example values: \%\triangle_{ADJ} = \frac{-1--50}{abs(-50)}=+98\%

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Now, the usual formula for CAGR is:

CAGR=\left (\frac{F}{I} \right )^{\frac{1}{time}}-1, plugging in our example values: CAGR=\left (\frac{-1}{-50} \right )^{\frac{1}{3}}-1=-73\%

Again, the common sense interpretation expects a positive growth rate since profit is increasing. We can not, however, simply reverse the sign as with % change. Let us re-write CAGR to illustrate the solution. This form is identical to the usual formula. Re-arranging it in this way allows us to see that % Change is embedded in the formula:

CAGR=\left (\frac{F}{I}-1+1 \right )^{\frac{1}{time}}-1=\left (\%\triangle+1 \right )^{\frac{1}{time}}-1

If we replace % Change with Adjusted % Change, we will have an Adjusted CAGR that yields the growth rate consistent with the common-sense interpretation:

CAGR_{ADJ}=\left (\%\triangle_{ADJ}+1 \right )^{\frac{1}{t}}-1=\left (\frac{F-I}{abs(I)}+1\right )^{\frac{1}{t}} -1=\left (\frac{F-I+abs(I))}{abs(I)} \right )^{\frac{1}{t}}-1

Therefore,

CAGR_{ADJ}=\left (\frac{F-I+abs(I))}{abs(I)} \right )^{\frac{1}{time}}-1, plugging in our example values: CAGR_{ADJ}=\left (\frac{-1--50+abs(-50))}{abs(-50)} \right )^{\frac{1}{3}}-1=+26\%

_______________________________________________________________________________________

How to Measure Temperature with a Thermistor

An NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) Thermistor is a passive electrical component whose resistance varies inversely with temperature.i It is often used as a temperature sensor. The relationship between resistance and temperature can be described with the ‘beta’ formula.

In this experiment we will show how to use the National Instruments myDAQii in conjunction with LabVIEWiii to create a Virtual Instrument that automatically and continuously measures the temperature. It is noted, however, that myDAQ/LabVIEW are not needed for the simplest form of this exercise, which can be performed with just a multimeter and a thermistor.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Parts List

  • 1x National Instruments myDAQ (using the DMM ohmmeter probes)
  • 1x LabVIEW software
  • 1x 10KΩ Thermistor (ex: Vishay NTCLE100E3 from Digikey BC2396CT-ND)iv
  • 2x pieces of wire (or probes)
  • 1x (optional) MyProtoboardv (or any breadboard)

Equations

The relationship between resistance and temperature is given by the ‘beta’ equationvi, a simplified approximation of the Steinhart-Hart equation.vii The Beta value (B), the Reference Temperature (T0), and the Reference Resistance (R0) are given in the thermistor’s datasheetviii. The component’s Resistance (R) is measured by an ohmmeter and then Temperature (T) can be solved for.

The ‘Beta’ Equation:

B = \frac{T_{0}\cdot T}{T-T_{0}}\cdot ln\left ( \frac{R_{0}}{R} \right )

Solving for T,

T = \frac{B}{ln \big( \frac{ R e^{ \frac{B}{T_{0}} } }{R_{0}} \big)}

‘Circuit’ Setup

Simply attach the myDAQ ohmmeter probes to the thermistor which can be placed optionally onto the breadboard. The resistance will be measured by the myDAQ and sent to LabVIEW for processing.

 
 

LabVIEW Front Panel

The Virtual Instrument Front Panel allows the user to input the Beta Value, the Reference temperature, and the Reference Resistance, again taken from the Datasheet. The resistance measured by the myDAQ is also displayed. The interface graphically outputs the calculated temperature in Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit.


 
 

LabVIEW Block Diagram

The block diagram is the programming language of LabVIEW and the back-end of the Front Panel. Each component on the Front Panel is graphically represented in the block diagram. The image shows how the variable inputs from the front panel and the myDAQ are passed through a graphical representation of the beta formula and then output as temperature values.

 
 

Excel Calculator

If myDAQ and LabVIEW are not available, Excel can be used to calculate the temperature.

 
 

Findings

In this experiment, we measured the temperature under the following scenarios: room temperature, surrounding the thermistor with a bag of ice, and grasping it while blowing hot breath on it. Indeed, the thermistor’s resistance is inversely related to temperature. This is a relatively easy experiment that can serve as a good introduction to circuit elements, data acquisition, and LabVIEW programming. Enjoy!

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Downloads

Marinus’ National Instruments LabVIEW Thermistor Calculator Virtual Instrument (v1.0) 2014 01 31
Marinus’ Thermistor Temperature Calculator in Excel (v1.0) 2014 01 31

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 
 

References:
  1. Wikipedia “Thermistor” []
  2. National Instruments “myDAQ Portable Measurement and Instrumentation Device” []
  3. National Instruments “LabVIEW System Design Software” []
  4. NTC Thermistor “Digi-Key BC2396TR-ND” []
  5. MyProtoboard “Protoboard Kit by Elenco for myDAQ via National Instruments” []
  6. NTC Thermistors “Engineering Notes from Spectrum Sensors and Controls Inc. via Digikey Corp.” []
  7. Wikipedia “Steinhart–Hart equation” []
  8. Vishay BCcomponents “NTCLE100E3
    NTC Thermistors, Radial Leaded, Standard Precision” []

Waterfall Charts

Are you looking for an easy to use, versatile Waterfall Chart template for Microsoft Excel?

The Waterfall Chart, also known as a Bridge, a Walk, flying bricks, or a Mario Charti, is a most useful visualization for a variety of applications. It can be used to ‘walk’ from a beginning value to an ending value, show the parts of a whole, show changes over time, and more. While Microsoft Excel does not provide a built-in solution for creating this type of chart, Fort Marinus presents a free template.

Please enjoy and comment or email suggestions.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Marinus’ Waterfall Chart Template for Excel (v4.122) 2014 06 26 NEW!

  • No Add-ins, just a good old Excel Worksheet
  • Ability to show positive and negative changes above AND below zero! (axis crossovers)
  • Automatic labeling of bar elements
  • Ability to specify multiple ‘Subtotal’ (or ‘Anchor’ or ‘Middle’) columns
  • Ability to toggle ‘connector lines’ between bar elements
  • Convenient formatting shortcuts
  • Plus, all the usual Excel formatting customizations

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Examples Gallery

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Acknowledgements

  • Thanks to Liam Bastick at SumProduct for creating an excellent walkthrough on waterfall chartsii
  • Thanks to Aaron Henckler at Chandoo.org for creating an excellent tutorial on waterfall chartsiii
  • Thanks to Rob Bovey at AppsPro for creating a very useful add-in for labeling chartsiv

_______________________________________________________________________________________

References:
  1. Waterfall Chart http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_chart []
  2. Waterfall Charts http://www.sumproduct.com/thought/waterfall-charts []
  3. Excel Waterfall Charts http://chandoo.org/wp/2009/08/10/excel-waterfall-charts/ []
  4. The XY Chart Labeler http://www.appspro.com/Utilities/ChartLabeler.htm []

Annotated Ainulindalë

 

“And he spoke to them, propounding to them themes of music; and they sang before him, and he was glad.” Ainulindalë 1:2

 

The Silmarillion is a collection of stories from Tolkien’s legendarium. The first part, called Ainulindalë, is a Creation myth. The story is written in prose and reads a bit like Scripture. I thought it would be interesting to simply format the work to look more like a real book of scripture. I added chapter headings, verse line numbers, and annotations/references as one might find in a Bible. I think it makes the work fun to read. And, it also allows one to use Chapter and Verse to quote a specific line.

Galaxy Empire

Galaxy Empire 

A resource for calculators, simulators, charts, formulas, and secrets.

Conquer the Galaxy, One Planet at a Time. In the near distant future, space exploration has evolved into a much more sophisticated nature as planets are colonized by humans in a fierce battle for resources and influence. Immerse yourself in intergalactic diplomacy as you manage your bases and natural resources while waging war against enemies.
Download: iOS Android

Note: This post was made for Galaxy Empire version 1.6. The information here is out of date. I do not plan on updating it. Thanks for your interest.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Marinus’ Galaxy Empire Output Formulas and Calculator (v2.0) 2013 01 13
Fort Marinus has discovered the secret Galaxy Empire Output formulas for the Metal Mine, Crystal Mine, Gas Mine, Solar Plant, Solar Satellites, and the Fusion Reactor. With these formulas and associated tables, one can know the units of Gas, Metal, Crystal, and Energy produced per hour.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Marinus’ Galaxy Empire Resource Calculator (v2.0) 2013 01 05
This tool allows you to calculate the amount of time it will take to gather a certain amount of resources. It will also show how many resources you will have gathered after a certain amount of time.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Marinus’ Galaxy Empire Battle Calculator (BETA v0.1) 2012 10 26
This tool allows you to simulate the combat of Galaxy Empires. Input the number of each type of ship for each combatant and see who wins. Note: This calculator is in beta form, the formulas are not exactly correct, but they are close.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Marinus’ Galaxy Empire Upgrade Cost Charts (v1.0) 2013 01 01
This Excel spreadsheet shows the costs for buildings and upgrades up to Level 30. It also explains the cost formula below in more detail.

Use this formula and schedule to calculate the cost of any building/technology upgrade.

Galaxy Empire Buiding and Technology Upgrade Formula

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Fuel Conversion Rate (v4.0) 2013 01 01
Whenever attacking an NPC planet, fuel (gas) is spent and loot is gained. The ‘Units of Loot gained per Unit of Fuel (gas) spent*’ is called the Fuel ‘Conversion’ Rate.  Apparently, sending 20 ships or less results in a gain of 1.5 Metal plus 1.5 Crystal for every 1 unit of Fuel (Gas) spent. After 20 ships, the amount of loot gained decreases exponentially (?) along a ‘minimum loot curve’, however there seems to be a ‘chance’ to gain the maximum loot. *also the number of Ships sent

Takeaways:
– It is most efficient to send as few ships as possible.
– Sending more than 300-400 ships results in a net Loss of resources.

Still unknowns:
– What is the formula for the minimum loot curve?
– What is the ‘chance’ formula to gain minimum or maximum loot, or somewhere in-between?

Galaxy Empires Fuel Conversion Chart

 

Notes:
These data were collected by attacking the Level 2 or Level 3 ‘The Purged’ planet with varying numbers of Light Fighters. No ships were lost in the attacks. Initial observations of repeating this experiment with Destroyers attacking the Level 11 ‘Pollution Origins’ planet show that sending 50 or less ships is highly likely to yield a maximum loot gain of 1.21 units of Metal plus 1.21 units of Crystal for every unit of Fuel (gas) spent. Sending more than ~250 ships results in a net Loss of resources.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 

Naked Eye and the Sky

 

“मधु नक्तमुतोषसो मधुमत पार्थिवं रजः | मधु दयौरस्तु नः पिता || ” – Rig Veda I.90.7.

“Sweet be the night and sweet the dawns, sweet the terrestrial atmosphere; Sweet be our Father Heaven to us.”

 

Father Heaven in the quote above is ‘Dyauṣ Pitā’ in Sanskrit. The same deity called ‘Zeus Pater’ by the Greeks and ‘Iuppiter’ by the Romans.i When the ancients looked into the skies, they were so impressed by the planets that they associated the celestial bodies with their own gods.

Tonight, the gods have blessed us with clear skies and a celestial treat: The Moon, Jupiter, and Venus are clearly visible to the naked eye. The planets are particularly striking in an urban environment where light pollution obscures all but the brightest luminaries.

Unfortunately, these photos were taken without the benefit of a telescope.

 

I would like to think I caught an orbiting moon or two around Jupiter, but the peripheral dots are probably just artifacts from the camera, the digital zoom, and the shaking of the wind.

References:
  1. Dyauṣ Pitā and Jupiter are associated with the same Indo-European diety, but in Hindu astrology, the Planet Jupiter is identified with Bṛhaspati, Lord of Prayer. The planet is also associated with Marduk in Babylonian astrology. []

© Fort Marinus . Powered by WordPress and Manifest